Reflections on AKL 2024: The Impact of AI and Emerging Photonics Technologies

This year at the AKL Conference was prominently marked by discussions on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The rapid advancements in AI, significantly propelled by platforms like OpenAI and ChatGPT, have captured the attention of key decision-makers in leading companies such as Trumpf and Coherent. The plenary talk particularly emphasized the potential applications, implications, and the urgent need for Europe to act before falling behind. The debate highlighted concerns about the United States and China leading the way, while the European Union lags due to stringent regulations.

A recurrent theme was the term “cyberphotonic,” which seems to blend photonics and virtualization, involving digital twin machines and AI-driven process improvements through sensor fusion. The grand vision presented by a machine manufacturer involved using AI and cloud connectivity to anonymize and pool machine data, enabling machine learning algorithms to enhance processes across the board.

However, I have reservations about this approach. Small companies invest significant effort in fine-tuning their processes, and sharing these parameters might erode their competitive edge. If both a multinational and a small enterprise achieve similar results, clients might prefer the larger company for perceived professionalism and efficiency. Perhaps small companies could still find unique parameters to maintain their advantage, but this remains uncertain.

A memorable moment from the plenary discussion was a question about potential privacy risks, echoing my concerns. The response, “Are you one of the policymakers from the EU?” seemed dismissive. While I agree that the EU’s regulations on AI might be stringent compared to the US and China, having regulations is crucial to prevent misuse by data-driven entities.

Beyond AI, several other topics were covered, some more intriguing than others. Bosch presented fascinating advancements in laser processes to enhance tribological properties. They showcased impressive microstructures on moving parts to improve hydrodynamics and pressure characteristics, using techniques like Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP). Their use of microholes for lubrication of oscillating parts and friction reduction was particularly noteworthy.

Another captivating presentation was on Selective Laser Etching (SLE) for optics manufacturing. Utilizing femtosecond lasers, this technique allows for fabricating optics by inducing micro-damages in glass, followed by chemical etching. This method works with quartz and sapphire and other glasses and crystalline materials, opening possibilities for creating 3D objects and micro-components in glass and sapphire, potentially revolutionizing applications in micro-robotics and the watch industry.

The final plenary on Laser Inertial Confinement Fusion (Laser ICF) explored opportunities for European industry following the significant achievement of ignition and positive energy return at the Laser Ignition Facility in December 2022. While Laser ICF shows promise, its industrial viability remains uncertain compared to magnetic confinement fusion technologies like stellarators. Despite the enthusiasm, it’s unclear whether Laser ICF can attract the necessary investment to outpace other fusion technologies.